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深圳 律師網(wǎng)隸屬于上海市華榮(深圳)律師事務(wù)所,團(tuán)隊(duì)成立于2000年, 位于福田區(qū) 海松大廈B座1803 。 擁有近200人的律師團(tuán)隊(duì),各專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域均有專(zhuān)家級(jí)律師坐鎮(zhèn) ,平均執(zhí)業(yè)年限在5年以上 ,70%以上律師獲得法律碩士學(xué)位。24年來(lái),秉承專(zhuān)業(yè)化、規(guī)模化、品牌化、國(guó)際化的發(fā)展理念,解決各類(lèi)疑難糾紛案件上萬(wàn)起,其中不乏國(guó)內(nèi)重大案件,在業(yè)界贏得了良好的聲譽(yù)。 獲得優(yōu)秀律師事務(wù)所、司法系統(tǒng)先進(jìn)集體等多項(xiàng)榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號(hào)。...

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南山大學(xué)城律師解析工作疏忽致一房?jī)少u(mài)

時(shí)間:2021-10-13 10:58 點(diǎn)擊: 關(guān)鍵詞:玩忽職守,瀆職,南山大學(xué)城律師

  案件詳情:克瑞斯案中,2013年1月至2018年2月期間,克瑞斯擔(dān)任臺(tái)安縣房地產(chǎn)管理處商品房銷(xiāo)(預(yù))售管理稽查隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人,主要負(fù)責(zé)房屋交易備案和商品房買(mǎi)賣(mài)網(wǎng)簽初審工作。2013年2月至2015年11月,臺(tái)安縣學(xué)府嘉園小區(qū)有23套房屋通過(guò)正常渠道售出。臺(tái)安縣房地產(chǎn)管理處產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)籍管理股對(duì)這些房屋抵押貸款進(jìn)行登記后,負(fù)責(zé)房屋交易備案的克瑞斯未發(fā)現(xiàn)這些房屋交易、抵押行為,沒(méi)有把這些房屋交易備案。其后,學(xué)府嘉園小區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)商劉某資金鏈斷裂,劉某急于借款,便將部分房屋抵押給了債權(quán)人,其中就包括事實(shí)上已被賣(mài)出的23戶房屋。此時(shí),臺(tái)安縣房地產(chǎn)管理處正剛剛開(kāi)始實(shí)行商品房買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同網(wǎng)上登記備案。應(yīng)債權(quán)人要求,劉某向臺(tái)安縣房地產(chǎn)管理處提交了網(wǎng)簽申請(qǐng)。
 

  2021年9月,遼寧省鞍山市中級(jí)人民法院對(duì)臺(tái)安縣房地產(chǎn)管理處商品房銷(xiāo)(預(yù))售管理稽查隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人克瑞斯受賄、玩忽職守案進(jìn)行再審宣判,判決書(shū)中提到,克瑞斯工作嚴(yán)重不負(fù)責(zé)任,不認(rèn)真履行職責(zé),致使23戶房屋一房?jī)少u(mài),構(gòu)成玩忽職守罪。玩忽職守罪作為過(guò)失型瀆職犯罪的一種,是指國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員嚴(yán)重不負(fù)責(zé)任,不履行或不認(rèn)真履行職責(zé),致使公共財(cái)產(chǎn)、國(guó)家和人民利益遭受重大損失的行為。
 

  從犯罪主體來(lái)看,玩忽職守罪的主體身份必須是國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員。主觀認(rèn)定上,行為人存在職務(wù)上的過(guò)失,如疏忽大意、過(guò)于自信、擅離職守等。南山大學(xué)城律師在客觀行為上,表現(xiàn)為行為人嚴(yán)重不負(fù)責(zé)任,不履行或不正確履行工作職責(zé)。作為稽查隊(duì)的負(fù)責(zé)人,克瑞斯負(fù)責(zé)網(wǎng)簽初審,根據(jù)房地產(chǎn)管理處要求,進(jìn)行網(wǎng)簽初審時(shí)應(yīng)與產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)籍管理股核對(duì)好抵押登記情況再做初審審批。但克瑞斯未經(jīng)核對(duì)便通過(guò)審批,最終,這23戶房屋成功網(wǎng)簽,造成一房?jī)少u(mài),引發(fā)購(gòu)房群眾多次上訪,克瑞斯涉嫌玩忽職守犯罪。
 

南山大學(xué)城律師解析工作疏忽致一房?jī)少u(mài)
 

  此外,劉某還通過(guò)找人頂名簽訂虛假購(gòu)房合同的方式向銀行騙取貸款。按規(guī)定,簽訂合同應(yīng)當(dāng)在稽查隊(duì)備案,但如此一來(lái),這些房屋就變成了二手房,到真正出售時(shí)需要額外交稅。為此劉某找到克瑞斯,請(qǐng)其不給頂名貸款的房屋備案,克瑞斯多次收受好處費(fèi),涉嫌受賄犯罪。在庭審中,克瑞斯辯護(hù)人提出其行為不構(gòu)成玩忽職守罪,并從三個(gè)方面提出意見(jiàn):

  1.其名為稽查隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng),但其所屬部門(mén)僅其一人,無(wú)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員的正式聘書(shū),無(wú)具體職權(quán)劃分,無(wú)相關(guān)責(zé)任制度,不具有國(guó)家工作人員身份;

  2.克瑞斯的職權(quán)僅是網(wǎng)簽合同的初審,沒(méi)有最終審核權(quán),學(xué)府嘉園小區(qū)一房?jī)少u(mài)系多個(gè)原因造成,不應(yīng)將責(zé)任歸于其本人;

  3.原審判決在未認(rèn)定克瑞斯的行為造成實(shí)際損失的情況下,不能認(rèn)定其行為構(gòu)成玩忽職守罪。

  這三條意見(jiàn)分別涉及玩忽職守罪的身份認(rèn)定、因果關(guān)系、損害后果,比較具有典型性。
 

  南山大學(xué)城律師首先來(lái)看身份認(rèn)定。臺(tái)安縣房地產(chǎn)管理處商品房銷(xiāo)(預(yù))售管理稽查隊(duì)是事業(yè)單位,克瑞斯是擁有正式編制的工作人員,從事的是房產(chǎn)管理相關(guān)公務(wù)。不論是職務(wù)還是職責(zé),克瑞斯負(fù)責(zé)的工作都符合國(guó)家權(quán)力性和管理性的特征,滿足玩忽職守罪的主體要件。其次,玩忽職守罪的成立要求玩忽職守行為與重大損失結(jié)果之間必須具有刑法上的因果關(guān)系。根據(jù)最高人民檢察院指導(dǎo)案例第8號(hào),即楊周武玩忽職守、徇私枉法、受賄案,在瀆職犯罪因果關(guān)系認(rèn)定方面,如果負(fù)有監(jiān)管職責(zé)的國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員沒(méi)有認(rèn)真履行其監(jiān)管職責(zé),從而未能有效防止危害結(jié)果的發(fā)生,那么,這些對(duì)危害結(jié)果具有“原因力”的瀆職行為,應(yīng)認(rèn)定與危害結(jié)果之間具有刑法意義上的因果關(guān)系。

 

  雖然危害結(jié)果的發(fā)生并不一定是單一原因引起,往往存在多因一果的現(xiàn)象,但在克瑞斯案中,在房地產(chǎn)管理處有明確規(guī)定的前提下,克瑞斯未按要求審查23戶房屋是否存在抵押、交易行為,便通過(guò)網(wǎng)簽初審審批,這無(wú)疑是造成嚴(yán)重后果的原因之一,克瑞斯不認(rèn)真履職行為與案件的危害結(jié)果之間具有因果關(guān)系。最后,對(duì)于克瑞斯“沒(méi)有損害后果”的辯護(hù)意見(jiàn),要構(gòu)成玩忽職守罪,需要存在對(duì)公共財(cái)產(chǎn)、國(guó)家和人民利益造成重大損失的后果,那么造成“重大損失”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么呢?
 

  南山大學(xué)城律師根據(jù)“兩高”《關(guān)于辦理瀆職刑事案件適用法律若干問(wèn)題的解釋?zhuān)ㄒ唬罚?ldquo;重大損失”主要包括:造成死亡1人以上,或者重傷3人以上,或者輕傷9人以上,或者重傷2人、輕傷3人以上,或者重傷1人、輕傷6人以上的;造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失30萬(wàn)元以上的;造成惡劣社會(huì)影響的;其他致使公共財(cái)產(chǎn)、國(guó)家和人民利益遭受重大損失的情形。一套房子賣(mài)兩家,必然會(huì)有一方受損,在克瑞斯案中,不論是購(gòu)房業(yè)主還是開(kāi)發(fā)商債權(quán)人,雙方都已付款,經(jīng)法院認(rèn)定,克瑞斯的玩忽職守行為造成群眾損失300余萬(wàn)元,引發(fā)多人多起群體訪事件,造成了惡劣的社會(huì)影響,其行為符合玩忽職守罪的構(gòu)成要件。

 

  另外應(yīng)該注意,根據(jù)最高人民法院《關(guān)于對(duì)重大責(zé)任事故和玩忽職守案件造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失需追究刑事責(zé)任的數(shù)額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)否做出規(guī)定問(wèn)題的電話答復(fù)》,玩忽職守類(lèi)案件的案情往往比較復(fù)雜,造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的數(shù)額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只是定罪量刑的重要依據(jù)之一,不宜以此作為定罪的唯一依據(jù)。在實(shí)踐中,因玩忽職守所造成的嚴(yán)重?fù)p失,既有經(jīng)濟(jì)損失、人身傷亡,也有的造成聲譽(yù)影響,有些無(wú)法僅用經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)額來(lái)衡量。在審理這類(lèi)案件時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)每個(gè)案件的情況作具體分析,認(rèn)定是否構(gòu)成犯罪。深圳刑事犯罪律師

 

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