欧美大片18禁aaa免费视频_欧美日韩手机在线视频_欧美一二区在线_日日操天天射_在线观看日本www_最新亚洲伦理中文字幕_六月婷婷视频_在线观看视频免费播放_天天看天天做_五月停停_天堂av一区_男女视频在线观看免费_手机av免费在线观看_天天看av_精品综合久久久久久888蜜芽_国产毛毛片_成人午夜特黄aaaaa片男男_中国黄色小视频_欧美性a√_av在线不卡网站

關于我們

深圳 律師網(wǎng)隸屬于上海市華榮(深圳)律師事務所,團隊成立于2000年, 位于福田區(qū) 海松大廈B座1803 。 擁有近200人的律師團隊,各專業(yè)領域均有專家級律師坐鎮(zhèn) ,平均執(zhí)業(yè)年限在5年以上 ,70%以上律師獲得法律碩士學位。24年來,秉承專業(yè)化、規(guī)模化、品牌化、國際化的發(fā)展理念,解決各類疑難糾紛案件上萬起,其中不乏國內(nèi)重大案件,在業(yè)界贏得了良好的聲譽。 獲得優(yōu)秀律師事務所、司法系統(tǒng)先進集體等多項榮譽稱號。...

律師團隊

律師團隊

開庭辯護

律所榮譽

律所環(huán)境

律所環(huán)境

律所環(huán)境

其他糾紛

最新文章

隨機文章

推薦文章

寶安區(qū)律師

主頁 > 其他糾紛 > 寶安區(qū)律師 >

寶安區(qū)律師淺談:《民法典》下的避風港原則

時間:2022-08-02 11:04 點擊: 關鍵詞:寶安區(qū)律師,避風港原則

  網(wǎng)絡服務提供者并沒有嚴格的審查是否侵權的義務,其必要的注意義務是有一定限度。避風港原則在去年已經(jīng)納入民法典,具體內(nèi)容跟著寶安區(qū)律師一起了解。

寶安區(qū)律師淺談:《民法典》下的避風港原則

  2021年1月1日起施行的民法典對平臺進行責任管理問題研究進行了明確規(guī)定。依據(jù)民法典,網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)用戶通過利用計算機網(wǎng)絡技術服務企業(yè)實施侵權行為的,權利人有權通知網(wǎng)絡文化服務提供者采取刪除、屏蔽、斷開鏈接等必要措施。網(wǎng)絡發(fā)展服務提供者接到通知后,應當能夠及時將該通知轉(zhuǎn)送相關知識網(wǎng)絡分析用戶,并根據(jù)不同構成侵權的初步證據(jù)和服務活動類型主要采取一些必要措施;未及時采取必要措施的,對損害的擴大部分與該網(wǎng)絡游戲用戶自己承擔連帶責任。

  同時,《民法典》還明確規(guī)定,網(wǎng)絡服務提供商知道或應當知道,網(wǎng)絡用戶使用其網(wǎng)絡服務侵犯他人的權益,未采取必要措施,與網(wǎng)絡用戶承擔連帶責任。 此前,《侵權責任法》的相關規(guī)定只對“知”作了規(guī)定,沒有規(guī)定是否應知。

  “民法典加強了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務提供商的注意義務,”薛解釋說。因為侵權責任法只提到“知道”,關于它是否包括“應該知道”存在爭議薛說,《民法典》的條款更加明確,平臺也應該對它應該知道的違法行為負責。“這填補了立法上的漏洞,有助于更全面地保護權利人,減少網(wǎng)絡侵權造成的損害程度,”張說,如果網(wǎng)絡服務提供商未能履行或未能履行其預見和預見范圍內(nèi)的合理注意義務,將被視為屬于應該知道的。

  邱比較了民法典和電子商務法的相關規(guī)定。他表示,電子商務法的規(guī)定更加詳細。比如,對于關系消費者生命健康的商品或者服務,電子商務平臺經(jīng)營者未盡到對平臺內(nèi)經(jīng)營者資質(zhì)的審核義務,或者未盡到對消費者的安全保障義務,給消費者造成損害的,應當依法承擔相應責任。《民法典》將“相應責任”統(tǒng)一為“連帶責任”。只要用戶知道或者應當知道用戶利用網(wǎng)絡實施侵權行為,平臺未采取必要措施,就要承擔連帶責任。顯然,對平臺的懲罰更嚴格,更嚴厲。

  受訪專家進行評價說,民法典既沿襲了以往的“避風港原則”(指在企業(yè)發(fā)生發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境侵權事件時,網(wǎng)絡信息服務提供者在接到權利人的合法通知后,及時依法采取一些必要措施的,無需承擔侵權責任)與“紅旗原則”(指網(wǎng)絡技術服務提供者對顯而易見的侵權行為我們選擇視而不見的,應該積極承擔國家法律保護責任),又在整合已出臺法律法規(guī)規(guī)定和吸收司法工作實踐教學經(jīng)驗的基礎上有了進一步的突破,使我國通過構建起了一個更為完善的網(wǎng)絡侵權責任管理規(guī)范市場體系。

寶安區(qū)律師淺談:《民法典》下的避風港原則

  夯實平臺責任是網(wǎng)絡治理的新方向

  長期發(fā)展以來,“避風港原則”被視為一個網(wǎng)絡信息服務提供者免受侵權行為責任風暴的“避風港”。實踐中,主張警惕“避風港原則”過渡適用的聲音通過不斷,而在多起涉平臺經(jīng)濟責任公司糾紛案件中,平臺也多是以此為由企業(yè)進行有效辯護,認為學生自己學習不應擔責。

  受訪專家坦言,在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展初期,為了保證內(nèi)容和信息的快速有效傳遞,“避風港原則”可以平衡權利人、用戶、網(wǎng)絡平臺方、受眾等各方的利益。然而,隨著內(nèi)容共享平臺的快速發(fā)展,近年來“避風港原則”的應用范圍不斷擴大,甚至成為一些平臺侵權盜版的主要形式。

  “該規(guī)則在適用時存在某種不均衡的情形,比如我們對于學生一些企業(yè)比較優(yōu)勢明顯的侵權事實,平臺發(fā)展是否有事前的注意義務、排查義務,這些研究問題就是應該進行思考。”薛軍認為,平臺公司是否擔責關鍵要看其有無相應的過錯,“避風港原則”只是一個判斷過錯適用的標準方法之一,不應該成為中國主導的原則。對于他們那些需要反復存在、非常明顯、一望可知的侵權行為,平臺不能用“避風港原則”來保護管理自己,這不應該已經(jīng)成為網(wǎng)絡平臺躲避責任能力承擔的借口。

  結(jié)合最近幾起涉及平臺責任的案件的判決,認為這發(fā)出了一個明確的信號,即濫用“安全港原則”即將成為過去。 2012年,最高人民法院頒布了《關于審理侵犯信息網(wǎng)絡傳播權民事糾紛適用法律若干問題的規(guī)定》,明確了“安全港原則”。 對構成“應當知道”的標準和構成侵權的條件作出了可強制執(zhí)行的規(guī)定。 目前,著作權法正在修訂中,可以考慮吸收以往司法實踐中積累的有益經(jīng)驗,明確界定“安全港原則”的適用范圍,嚴格規(guī)范其適用條件。

  “不同于起步發(fā)展階段,平臺的經(jīng)營進行交易管理模式研究正在不斷發(fā)生時間變化,比如一個平臺會一對一地與用戶通過簽訂協(xié)議,有些企業(yè)平臺甚至會參與抽成以從中獲利,這時候適用‘避風港原則’應該能夠更加謹慎。初級階段是強調(diào)學習平臺環(huán)境保護,現(xiàn)在要逐步壓實平臺的責任,不能讓其縱容平臺內(nèi)的經(jīng)營者、用戶信息侵權,這是我國網(wǎng)絡社會治理的新的方向。”邱寶昌補充說。

  如今,用戶生成內(nèi)容侵權越來越普遍,但受害人要成功捍衛(wèi)自己的權利并不容易,例如,受害人可能會面臨許多問題,例如侵權者眾多、難以定位、平臺與受害人之間的差距、冗長的過程以及捍衛(wèi)權利的高昂成本。

  為此,受訪專家建議,相關管理部門人員應該通過制定修改以及相關國家法律以規(guī)范企業(yè)用戶信息生成教學內(nèi)容的發(fā)展,同時應注重打擊與之相關的版權侵權等行為,必要的情況下我們可以充分考慮問題探索“平臺先行賠付”。平臺也可以綜合考慮采用過濾識別網(wǎng)絡技術等方式,建立一個相應的審核工作機制、責任風險防范機制。就個人而言,要強化學習法律保護意識,避免因上傳內(nèi)容不當造成侵權,發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己被侵權的,可通過向平臺投訴等方式具有積極維權,需要提起訴訟的要注意留存證據(jù),比如做好相應的截屏公證等。

  以上是關于避風港原則的全部內(nèi)容,在實踐中我們需要具體問題具體分析,如果您目前遇到了法律上的問題,歡迎咨詢寶安區(qū)律師

寶安區(qū)律師淺談:《民法典》下的避風港原則

  本文摘自微信公眾號“檢察日報司法網(wǎng)”。


寶安區(qū)律師解讀:足療店萬元消費 寶安區(qū)律師視角:老師直播疑公開
寶安區(qū)律師視角下的“安鎮(zhèn)事件” 寶安區(qū)律師解讀:小區(qū)電梯沖頂事
寶安區(qū)律師視角下的中鐵七局事件 寶安區(qū)律師視角下的物流園大火事
寶安區(qū)律師淺談:《民法典》下的避風港原則 http://www.sld007.cn/baoanqulvshi/4982.html
以上文章來源于網(wǎng)絡,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有涉嫌抄襲的內(nèi)容,請聯(lián)系我們,并提交問題、鏈接及權屬信息,一經(jīng)查實,本站將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內(nèi)容。
主站蜘蛛池模板: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |